ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic and prognostic features of neuroendocrine neoplasm of digestive system with different grades.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinicopathologic features of 139 cases of neuroendocrine neoplasm occurring in digestive system were retrospectively reviewed and graded according to the 2010 World Health Organization classification of tumours of the digestive system. Immunohistochemical study for synaptophysin, chromogranin A and Ki-67 was carried out. The follow-up and survival data were analysed using Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic factors were tested by Log-rank testing and independent risk factors were analysed using Cox regression model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Amongst the 139 cases studied, there were 88 cases (63.3%) of grade 1 tumors, 9 cases (6.5%) of grade 2 tumors and 42 cases (30.2%) of grade 3 tumors. There was diffusely positive staining for synaptophysin and chromogranin A in most of the grade 1 and grade 2 tumors. The staining in grade 3 tumors however was focal (P < 0.05). The differences in tumor size, depth of invasion, presence of tumor emboli, perineural permeation, nodal involvement, distant metastasis and survival rate amongst the three groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There is significant difference in the clinicopathologic and prognostic features of neuroendocrine neoplasm of digestive system with different grades. It is considered as an independent prognostic factor and represents a useful tool for prognostic evaluation of such tumors, both in clinical practice and research.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Chromogranin A , Metabolism , Digestive System Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Follow-Up Studies , Ki-67 Antigen , Metabolism , Lymphatic Metastasis , Neoplasm Grading , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neoplastic Cells, Circulating , Neuroendocrine Tumors , Metabolism , Pathology , Proportional Hazards Models , Retrospective Studies , Survival Rate , Synaptophysin , Metabolism , Tumor BurdenABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the epidemiological status of HER2 protein expression in Chinese patients with gastric carcinoma, and to study its clinical and prognostic significance and the association with the clinicopathological features.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data were reviewed in 860 patients with gastric carcinoma admitted to Guangdong General Hospital from 2003 to 2010. The HER2 status was evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The modified HercepTest scoring criterion was used to assess HER2 protein expression. The association between HER2 expression and clinicopathological features was analyzed by χ(2) test. Kaplan-Meier analysis, log-rank test and Cox regression model were used for the survival analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median age of the patients was 59 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 2.06:1. Positive expression of HER2 protein (3+) was found in 77 (9.0%) cases of gastric carcinoma, and in 69 (8.9%) advanced gastric cancers. There was significantly positive association between HER2 over-expression and tumor differentiation, Lauren classification and WHO classification. No significant association was observed between HER2 protein expression and patients' age, gender, tumor location and clinical stage. There was no statistically significant difference in survival rate between patients with positive HER2 expression and negative ones.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Though there was significantly positive association between HER2 expression status and tumor differentiation, histological type, it may be of limited prognostic value in gastric cancer patients.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Adenocarcinoma , Metabolism , Pathology , General Surgery , Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous , Metabolism , Pathology , General Surgery , Adenocarcinoma, Papillary , Metabolism , Pathology , General Surgery , Asian People , Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell , Metabolism , Pathology , General Surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Neoplasm Staging , Proportional Hazards Models , Receptor, ErbB-2 , Metabolism , Stomach Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , General Surgery , Survival RateABSTRACT
Phthalate esters belong to the group of environmental hormones,which are ubiquitous environmental pollutants and they can damage the human health through breathing to get into the body.The recent researches on the analysis of phthalate esters in the air such as sampling,pretreatment and determination were reviewed and some related issues were discussed in the paper.It would be reference for the further study of phthalate esters.